Toxicity Scores & Embeddings

Canadian that spent 16 years in Japan. I went as an individual. I stayed as an individual. Married a Japanese. Came back to Canada for a pension and can't wait to leave. I were in Japan and if I saw a group of Canadians arrive expecting Japan to change for them, I would have been severely pissed off with them. Every other country and normal immigrant that came as an individual or individual family probably thinks the same way I do. No one in any country likes to see "Mass Immigration" and even Japan these days are looking at an influx of half a million Indians and who knows how many more Africans. This will change Japan and they'll turn a good culture into their shitty culture and I'm not happy with that. I liked being one of few. Yes I had American, Canadian, Australian, Kiwi and British friends as well as Japanese friends. But we were all individuals that adopted the way of living in Japan into our everyday lives. If I go back, I don't want to be in india. It'd be like living in Brampton. What pisses me most is the attitude of that muslim guy. Yes you are out breeding us but not all majorities rule. In Malaysia, Malays rule despite being the smaller population. They have more Chinese and Indians there but they have to live under the rule of the native Malays. So you will have to do the same in Canada despite if your population is larger. You adapt to this country. The country doesn't convert to accomodate you. Individuals are key. Groups are the bane of all countries.

All this happened when Canadians, particularly white people left Christianity and abandoned their churches and followed the woke ideology that was imposed on them by external forces. The damage is done. However, it’s never too late to rebuild your communities and start all over again. I am not from India…I came to Canada 31 years ago with my family. When I came here as a young man…You could not see any stores open on Sundays; other than gas stations and convenience stores. Majority of people attended church and the whole town had only two homeless people in it. Go back to your churches, have many kids and rebuild your communities…stay a way from Drugs and alcohol. Good luck all.

THANK YOU FOR SHEDDING LIGHT ON THIS!!! This is getting crazy. Brampton used to be SOOO beautiful. And also, Africans taking over shelters isnt true. Shelters are too full because our cost of living has gone up and Canadians (as i am one) are struggling to make a living. Thats why you see people in tents because the shelters are WAY too full (and im also speaking from experience I was previously homeless in Toronto/Brampton and now am a Community Service Worker dealing with people in Shelters and Addictions).

Every where you go you can see Punjabi celebrations everywhere it’s like no other culture exists! Way too much immigrants! We don’t want to be forced to see or participate in other peoples culture practice your culture or religion at home please!

I'm surprised no liberal voters are calling this dude a "racist" because it involves Indians. He is literally interviewing both sides of this issue. In my opinion, if the liberal government stays in power, and more and more liberal voters use the racism card on people who point out these issues just to make themselves feel like a good person, more and more major cities in Canada will be filled of them who either entered as an international student, or as an asylum seeker. It is not "multiculturalism" or "diversity" if there is only people from one culture coming to Canada? Where are the people from countries like Italy? Germany? Ukraine? Mexico? It is not racist to point out how in very few homes, most notably in Brampton, around 7 or more people live in one house. It is not racist to point out how these Indians need to learn to write and speak proper English. It is not racist to point out how they need to adapt to our civilized way of life here in Canada. It is not racist to point out the rise in crime done by people of Indian descent. It is not racist to point out how, coincidentally, the quality in Tim Hortons has dropped lately, when in a majority of them have workers of Indian descent, which are usually in major cities. How so? The liberal-imposed foreign worker plan, plus a little bit of corporate greed. It is not racist to point out that Indian "international students" are getting their food from food banks, which are supposed to be for the poor, and how some places of work only hire Indians, because they are run by Indians. Why is this discussion even about Indians? Because they make up HUGE majority of people coming to live in Canada. Matter of fact, this does not apply to Indians coming to Canada, but to whoever goes to live in another country. It does not take much out of you to at least adapt to the way of life in which ever country you go to. The conservative party sees this in a way that the liberals do not. Come back to this comment in another 10-20 years when the liberals are still in power. You'll see the difference.

When are you people are going to wake up and see the reality , this is staged by your own government to destroy your way of life it's dictated by Davos this is why it's just NATO countries affected , I don't want this country to turn to Punjab or any country that have no rule of laws , why do you think when criminals get arrested they walk out the back door , do you people ever think ?????? I guess not , this goes for housing education healthcare and cost of living

Why doesn't the US do a flyover and drop leaflets to the migrants of how it's going to be at the border?. We all knew this invasion of migrants was a well orchestrated event with planned busing, meals, transportation, media event stops where everybody got off the buses for the media event and then boarded the buses again. Ever notice the babies, consider the 7000 people, a good number of them requiring disposable diapers all along the way. Notice the number of people walking in Flip-Flop shower shoes that are totally impractical for walking any distance. If these people were walking you'd be seeing them sitting when the caravan stopped. Don't feel sorry for these opportunist they're getting PAID because we all know they don't have a hive mind seeking discomfort, exhaustion, starvation, pissing on the roadside, putting their children through a stressful event. Caravan is said to be 14,000 people now. With about 4,000 getting paid. The former ICE director says 18 to 20% of illegals have criminal records. The democrats are trying to conquer by occupation, eventually they will have our nation so broke the system of welfare services will collapse under the weight of sheer numbers of illegals taking a free ride. Then our nation will be socialist like Ecuador.

at 12:13 driver holding a drink lol 🤣you shure your not from Brampton ? more jobs since the great economic world wide downfall back in the 2000`s ? pardon the pun, thats the problem i dont see indians causing acidents i see other ethencities driving wild from increased traffic but theres a sign near Toronto ``all roads lead to Bramton inst it a fact the roads in canada are all conected to brampton . but every ethenicity throughout the years has run brampton look at populations from the past its a brampton thing, only drivers have issues with are intiled people the wealthy in brampton drive way too fast ! not any others its simple people got to drive slower thats all especialy morning traffic they go nuts. the people born in canada are being too agressive as they drive thats what i have seen ! new drivers are making too many mistakes and experienced drivers are driving any ways they want thats the issues ! Cool video dude .....

Trudeau only cares for immigrants and refugeed because he wants their votes. These, immigrants come to Canada, have at least 4 kids and counting. Get free welfare, free, housing before our own(which is proven as they get 1st choice before our own)..😡and, child support.My parents worked hard their whole lives and are now on pension...WORKED FOR IT...and their income is way less than what these immigrants will get having all these kids.Its very upsetting that all these refugees and immigrants are coming in and getting more assistance than our own hard working their whole lives, people!!!!!!😡 they screw up their own countries, with wars, violence etc... want to come here and slowly start to screw up ours with their beliefs and laws and demands.Not having it..FIX YOUR OWN COUNTRIES PROBLEMS, THE WAY THIS IS GOING IN THE NEXT 50 YRS YOU WONT SEE ANY THING BUT BROWN AND BLACKS FROM AFRICA, SYRIA ETC..THEY HAVE 10 KIDS TO OUR 1-2 RATIO..🙄

Sad to see the racist comments both in the video as well as in the comments. There is no doubt that Canada took too many immigrants in the past 5-7 years. The reasons are many - and the blame goes on both the provincial conservatives and federal liberals. The tuition freeze in Ontario caused colleges and universities to treat foreign students as an ATM to balance their budgets. Foreign enrollments skyrocketed, especially in colleges, with students paying top dollar for dubious degrees with no job prospects. This put strains on the job market, and the housing/rental market. As an educated Indian-American who now lives in Canada, it pains me to see my fellow countrymen dominating Uber, Uber Eats, Bicycle food delivery and Tim Hortons. No one uproots everything in their home country and comes all the way for this. Most of these people are here legally and they work really hard. A last word - leaving aside the Khalistan issue that has caused a wedge between Hindus and Sikhs - the Indian diaspora, especially the Sikh, are amazing in the amount of charitable work that they do. Their concept of seva is unmatched. No one goes hungry when there is a Gurdwara around, as there is always free nutritious food. Same is true for temples. Even a young poor Steve Jobs ate at Iskcon temples. Last point - while some of Canada's problems are because of excessive immigration, Canada would be nothing without immigrants. The population would decline, with a native fertility rate of under 1.4, and entitlement programs would be in deep trouble.

See I'm conflicted now actually. So you're saying these Indian communities are providing free resources at large scales for food and hospitality that aren't being taken advantage of by the homeless and impoverished white population? I'm not sure where the problem starts here.. because to be quite honest the rest of the country isn't necessiraly like this. Places like Hamilton and Toronto are incredibly mixed, where I'm not sure there is a minority, and places such as Welland, st Catherine's, Niagara, Langley, are still largely white. At what point do we look at people who are choosing to live on the streets and do drugs and say they are not taking advantage of the resources and opportunities being provided to them? And Brampton has been this way, to be honest, for 20 years. At what point do we accept that this is now Brampton, and that the country offers a lot of diversity for those who would choose to not live in it.

It's true though. I couldn't get a job for over two years, I applied EVERYWHERE, they would say they're not hiring, then a week later I'll see a new worker or two being trained and guess what? they're indian/punjab (sorry, unsure all the proper terms of people or the differences). Not to mention that they treat indigenous women the way they would back home.... Pretty much every person I know (I'm indigenous and have experienced it myself) has experienced some sort of harassment or assault or whateva with them... And yes, I know it's not all of them, I also know some great people that are indian/punjab but I'm not going to act like there isn't a problem....... Then people think indigenous people get "hand outs"... I was broke for over two years, I tried welfare, it's not as easy as it seems to people lol Also, I'm sure I'm wrong, but I always assumed Immigration was like... reserved for people that need it kind of like refugees.

I have to travel to Montreal for work relatively often. Driving in Montreal is insane, it’s like nothing I’ve ever seen in the US. You see those videos from India where there are cars everywhere forcing their way in and everyone is driving like 5mph - that’s like every Montreal on-ramp…

I feel this video does cover what's happening but don't answer the question why its happening. Here's what i think- To start with - A major population of indian immigrants in Canada come from two provinces/states - Punjab and Gujarat. From Punjab - Most of the population who migrates to Canada are villagers. They are notoriously famous in Punjab cities as well for creating trouble. They have no civic sense, always getting involved in illegal stuff, some use drugs, no etiquettes, poor hygiene and very arrogant sometimes. Another thing, Canadian government over the years stopped taking in-person interviews and got lenient with rules for gaining a visa especially for students which doesn't make sense and one should be catious so of what kind of people they are letting in their country. This leads to letting in a bunch of wrong people who are already a troublemaker in Punjab and then represents a bad of side of Indians. A side note - Every Indian province is very very different and not all people are same in India. It's definitely a shit situation which shows Canadian government definitely needed a better way to handle immigration. A lot of international students has been exploited by the system as well if you get to know from there point of view as well. Seeing the thumbnail and title of this video shows what kind of a person Tyler is. Without a proper research and understanding, he just made a video to appease people who hates on Indians. Title says Invasion, is he for real? I see way more Chinese immigrants here in Canada than any other nationality. Punjabi Indians are to be blamed as for creating a bad picture for themselves but hating on whole country without knowing them feels prejudiced. I hope whoever is reading to really open their eyes and understands that this is a government failure for not having strict rules and regulations. Indians have been immigrating to Canada for more than 100 years but you see them as a problem now due to last 8 years of bad decisions. Last thing, you see more Indians in Tim Hortons and mock them, is that a bad thing on loving and supporting a Canadian brand? Definitely poor english speaking employees is a problem, but that is a management issue. You don't like it, have a word with the Manager if they don't act on it, then I guess they don't really care for your opinion. Its on you now whether you want your coffee or better english 😂

The problem is immigration back in day was a luxury in India so only riches made it outside and they were rich compared to others after independence because they were more pro british and served them. So it was easy for them to immigrate and assimilate into your culture. Now you see many poor people also immigrating because immigration became more accessible, its just like the touchscreen phones, before only rich people had them, but later and now everyone has it. Plus your overly liberal and the stupid point system lets anyone enter the country if they meet a specific criteria, they barely check their english, background, crime record, etc. Also, living in India is a survival, or a nightmare for short. Especially for the poor people in the up north, and so they go to these shady agents who claim that they can send him or her to Canada, UK, Australia where ever they want in exchange for some money. Sometimes these agents turnout to be scams and sometimes not, then these students apply to some fake university that has no campus in Canada and select a course thats easy. Then once approved they come to canada, don’t go to university and make some other indian friends who say they have contacts with some job providers and through that the students get their jobs at the fast food joints and shopping malls. The mindset with which these students come to Canada is that I want to get a simple job as soon as I land in Canada and through that job I can get a PR. They never go to assimilate or discover the culture, they come because the country looks nice, has resources, and will provide them with a good salary so that they send some money back home to their parents as compared to low paying jobs in India, which too are super competitive. They still like the indian way of life, the culture, the food, the attire, just not in India. Thats why you’ll never see these students eating at anything other than a Indian Punjabi Restaurant or a fast food joint, they will never make white friends, they will never try to change the way they speak and look at Canadians, they will never try to change their driving habits. In conclusion, more poor people and students migrating, paired with their mindset of “I want everything to be Indian just not in India but in a place that looks better” paired with their low interest in actually learning and working better jobs is what makes them a bad immigrant group. But thats not to say that all are like that its only some and mostly Punjabis/ other North Indians that have this mindset. The reason why the Indian group in USA is much better and successful is because they are mostly of south indian descent. Those people are far more educated, actually respect the law of the land. And fun fact: The stereotypical Indian Accent originated from USA mainly and reason why many indians say that they don’t speak in that accent is because that particular stereotypical accent is present in Indian people who come from the states of Andra Pradesh and Telegana, which is is where most of the Indians in USA are actually from. Sorry for the long ass comment and some writing mishaps, I really lose my writing quality when I’m writing long comments.

I am so happy people are starting to speak up. Sadly, I am changing. I am becoming angry. Angry at immigrants and the system. Am I becoming racist? Or just so lost at how things seem so wrong. My main upset is for my teen son. Turned 16 after Christmas. So excited about looking for a part-time job, earning some money, getting experiences and (unbeknownst to him ) expanding his social circle. This excitement came from me. LIke all us Canadians who remember our first part-time jobs (mine was at a McDonalds), I regaled my son in stories of that first part-time job. How much I learned from it, and the so many benefits it would have for me as I got older. He listened, and couldn't wait to turn 16. Also, like most parents, I raised him on the benefits of working hard in school, getting good grades, learning, getting involved, etc. Do these things son, and you will have a good future. He listened. Honours student all his life. Played on school teams. Performed in talent shows, Volunteered his time, etc., etc. Not a bad resume for a first time teen seeking a job. It is now heading into September. He has applied at all the traditional teen job hotspots, (all the fast food joints, grocery stores, drug stores, etc). Dozens of resumes, online and in-person applications. Not a single response. Then I walk into the local Burger King. Not a single Caucasian, Black, Hispanic, Indigenous, or Far Eastern employee. All East Indian (or Pakistani). Suddenly I am really noticing this trend everywhere, especially in the franchise fast food industry; especially upsetting when I even see it in a Harvey's (even more Canadian than Timmies). It's either East Indians or Arabs. I don't know for how long I have been hearing about diversity and fair hiring practices (which I have always supported); but to see this trend makes me furious. Are the owners of these franchise exempt from fair hiring practices? Are they not taught we are a diverse country? This is wrong. I want to finish with two sad situations which we should all be concerned about. When my eldest was looking for part-time work after the pandemic, he walked into a Mr. Submarine. He asked if he could leave his resume or fill out an application. The Arab cashier told him in broken English they were not hiring. As he was walking out, a young Arab man walked in. He approached the same cashier and asked for an application. She gave him one. WTF. My last comment, is the most concerning of all. My 16 year old, who works so hard at school, and at everything he does, recently commented, after yet another non-reply after handing out a slew of resumes, "Dad... what's the use of working so hard if I can't even get a job at McDonalds." I wonder how many other Canadian teens are feeling the same way. Not just white teens. Black, Hispanic, Indigenous and East Asian teens. Seems the broken English East Indian and Arab teens and young adults aren't asking themselves that. How long until my son thinks I am just spewing BS about this hard work thing? This is not about racism. This is about fair hiring practices, especially in more and more franchises; however, I do find myself listening to more and more of these videos, and find myself developing sucb negative feelings towards these two cultures. This is not Canadian. To be thinking this way, especially, is not Canadian. What do we do? Speak up, and we are racist. Stay quiet, and our teen kids move into adulthood without job experience, money put away, or just having a life experience that any of us over 30 (no matter our race) experienced. Something has to change; but I haven't a clue how to do that.

There’s simply too much money involved. Believe it or not, Western adversaries have found this as a way to weaken the West. Most people don’t see it, but that’s exactly what’s happening. A country is just a piece of land without its people and its culture. If you bring in Indians your cities and town will become Indian.. Canada’s government appears to be selling out its people and its future. There was a time this would’ve been called treason, but the country has clearly changed at its core.

I wonder if they discussed how when Indian students who unalive themselves in Canada, the deaths are not treated as such. There are many families who have the remains of their kids (usually young males) repatriated and the death is left unclear. The gov’t of Canada has been obfuscating many such deaths. Was it the Canadian govt fully at fault for the deaths? Not quite… these students are often met with predatory individuals who take advantage of their vulnerable situations: such as predatory landlords who have sometimes 15 or more students renting one house, or unjust working conditions because the employer knows that the immigrants citizenship hopes are tied to the job, etc etc. Ultimately, it’s the Canadian government turning a blind eye to these realities and trying to make the deaths appear due to things other than unalive attempts. This shouldn’t be surprising considering the way the Canadian government has been pushing dystopian legislation around their medically assisted dying program (MAiD). Canada’s medically assisted dying program has the least guardrails of any program of that type in other countries. Not just this, but the legislation for MAiD comes at a time when Canada’s healthcare and mental healthcare systems are collapsing. Trudeau said he would address this with one his re-election promises in 2021: he promised 5 billion for mental health programs. I’ve worked in the field for almost 20 years with youth and that money never arrived, nor has any serious attempt to fund programs occurred since the brutal Canadian pandemic policies massively exacerbated the youth mental health crisis. Perhaps one day someone will be able to trace how the 5 Billion promised was send off in provincial transfers that did not benefit any programs and likely only helped pay for all the upper management, because Canada’s healthcare, education and mental health care systems are absurdly top-heavy. Canada becomes moral dystopian by the day, with regular folks (working class, blue collar, low-income) bearing the burden. Everyday more people join the rank of the oppressed regular people while a few who work in the government or favored industries are overpaid and the stats around all of this corruption are further obfuscated and buried. And as all this occurs, you see bureaucrats like the on in this video smug in their knowledge that most Canadians will never learn how dark the truth is.

wonderful channel ! There are several issues at play. Firstly, Canada belongs to the natives. Secondly. ENGLISH testing needs to be administered prior to arrival. Thirdly, every culture/religion can benefit others , this way society ideally can co-exist. The concern is the extreme bullying from new immigrants - INDIANS. I do not see any other nation BULLYING the rest of the population. Lets be honest, the government needs tax paying citizens to support the economy. Canadians stop being polite and speak up.

You know, Brampton even before trudeau was becoming basically little India, and most Canadians just said whatever let them have it, we kinda accepted it. But after trudeau with mass immigration and them taking over other cities its when it became a little too much and started to take over canadian culture. I had a friend visit from the u.s for the very first time, and we did some sight seeing, you know going to places around ontario that tourists would check out, went to niagra falls for the first time in maybe 10 years man it changed. It was 90% Indian people. She noticed it right away but didnt say anything, i said a lot of indians huh? and she said yeah didnt think canada was like this. When you think Canada its always been mulicultural, you just think of all ethnicities and people of different cultures but at the end of the day everyone was Canadian and they assimilated. Now you dont think of a multicultural country you think of an indian country thats changing the canadian culture and way of life and not in a good way. Identity is being taken away and it needs to stop. Canada needs to take notes from Poland before its too late. Poland closed their doors and guess what? economy went up, crime rate went down, people are happier. Canada opened the doors, crime rate shot up, economy crashing, more homelessness then ever and so on. Not saying its specifically Indian people, its the amount coming in and how they adopt canadian culture but instead bring their culture and trye changing the country to fit them rather then fitting in with an already established country and culture.

I'm extremely liberal However I do understand how seeing your customs and ways of life being taken over can be frustrating. It's ok to be liberal and still call for immigration control. And its ok to be conservative and have the empathy to understand that most people that are already established here are just seeking a peaceful life. I just wish more people can see both sides instead of taking the extreme inhumane side of " deport them all!! ".

We have way too many in winnipeg like seriously i see more indians in day to day than any other ethnic group

I was born and raised in Brampton (but of South Asian descent via the Caribbean) and it pains me to see how the city has changed over the past 20 years. I was raised to be a proud Canadian and to be grateful for the opportunities that this country has afforded my family and I. I am a Canadian first, and Guyanese/Indian second. The issue I have with the city is that you have enclaves of ethnically homogenous people who refuse to assimilate - I once went into a Tim Hortons at Peter Robertson and Dixie, and was laughed at by the cashiers because I could not speak Hindi/Punjabi (despite being brown). There is nothing wrong with immigration - it makes the country stronger. HOWEVER, that only happens if the immigrants work to collectively advance the interests of the country and accept the rules/societal norms of the country they now call home. Instead, they find ways to circumvent/exploit the system - they are less interested on making society better, and more interested in individual advancement. I live in Professors Lake, which historically was one of the more affluent areas of the city. Now, there are several houses on my street that have essentially become boarding houses, divided into units of four with 10+ people living inside. I fully understand why white Canadians are feeling displaced, and it pains me that anti-immigrant sentiment has soured the way people look at me (despite being born in Canada).

I worked since I was 14, (A lot of times evenings and weekends, several times, two jobs)! I am now 63, I got hurt at work! First I had to fight compensation for a year, ZERO $$$! Then I had to apply to get Disability Canada Pension because I can't physically work anymore.. (damaged back, head injury, I have to use a cane and knee braces to walk)! I spent my savings just surviving while being forced to fight for MY money from my own government for 5 years just to get a measly $300. a month! THAT'S IT! Luckily my spouse works , we paid off our house ten years ago! But, we still barely get by! Every person I speak to about my case with the government on the phone, can barely speak English and yell at me or are VERY impatient with me, because I can't understand THEM, they usually hang up! When I ask to please speak to someone IN Canada, they hang up, then I have to wait another hour to talk to someone else! (I went to 4 government funded agencies to see if I could possibly get a job working from home, because I have trouble getting out! All sent me somewhere else! One agency who is supposed to help disabled people in WPG, REES, the agent refused to talk to me or look me in the eye, * he got a supervisor to talk to me! Because he's Muslim and I'm Gay! They were continuously hostile/aggressive towards me without reason??? I volunteer at 2 different food banks , I've met TONS of people who have never worked a day in their lives, their family, parents, grandparents have never worked... EVER! Yet they have brand new trucks??? Still go to food banks? AND, several new Canadians who I've met, have never worked a day in Canada... Some with new cars??? Yet everyone else receives 10 times what I receive to live on??? I PAID TAXES ALL OF MY LIFE! We can't afford a car! Yet... I don't blame them! I would take it they offered! I blame our government (NDP, Libs, AND CONservatives) who don't give a crap about disabled and seniors in Canada! Or if you paid taxes all of your life , into a system that's supposed to help when you need it! ALL politicians in Canada just whore out their votes! I've volunteered for almost 40 years, also holding down jobs, helping others, I've never seen so may seniors and disabled people forced to access food banks and soup kitchens than the last few years! EVER! Disabled people have to constantly prove they are disabled enough to get kitchen scraps from sociopathic politicians who are over paid and under worked! Fees go up, taxes go up, housing goes up, property taxes go up, bus fairs go up, etc.. Services go WAY down! We can afford trillion$ in corporate welfare, but not help our own? Seniors can't afford to live in their homes anymore! YOU'RE WELCOME for paying for YOUR golden pensions pig politicians, and NOT helping us when we need it! POS!

Well.. What goes around comes around it is said. When the settlers from Europe,, Great Britain came to this huge beautiful land blessed with a bountiful, lavish nature did they ever care to understand,study and respect the value and life of those original natives who were the very first pioneers of Canada? Did they adopt their ways language and culture at least to a certain extent? Leave alone adopting or understanding. They took over the entire country and it's peoples through a brutal form of genocide and erasure of their beautiful natural way of life. Thekr lands were stolen, their languages extinguished, their culture spurned and erased.. These immigrants from Europe believed in their fanatical missionary zeal that they were saving the souls of tjese natives by forcing Christianity down their throats proudly announcing that they were on a civilising mission. Babies were stolen from their mothers and brought up as Christians. Families were separated leaving mothers in anguish never to see their children again. Slaughter of those who resisted became an accepted norm until the original native of Canada became a disappearing entity and those who survived are till today just surviving. It is to these people that Canada belongs and not to the invading anglo saxon proyestants and Christian evangelists or the mogrants from across the world. If anyone has a right to protest and femand their land back ots the native Canadians. It should be their government not of those who took over. So get a lottlr acquainted with true history and look at things with am intelligent honest perspective.. .