Toxicity Scores & Embeddings

Indians here on student visas held a hunger strike complaining about human rights and demanding permanent residency…..imagine Canadians did that in India, or anywhere else for that matter

More BS from a supposedly neutral balanced media outlet. At least when the CBC have a panel they have one from each party. Here are the facts. The Honourable Lena Metlege Diab is the current Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. She was appointed to the role in May 2025 by Prime Minister Mark Carney following the April 2025 federal election. Her current activity is defined by a shift toward more restrictive and "talent-focused" policies. Here is the technical breakdown of her recent initiatives: 1. 2026 Express Entry Overhaul On February 18, 2026, Diab announced significant adjustments to the Express Entry system. The primary objective is to transition from broad intake to "sustainable levels" while addressing specific labor gaps. * New Categories: Streams were added for researchers, senior managers, transport occupations (pilots/mechanics), and foreign military personnel recruited by the Canadian Armed Forces. * Medical Priority: A specific category was introduced for foreign medical doctors already possessing Canadian work experience. * Tightened Requirements: She doubled the category-specific work experience requirement from 6 months to 12 months. This move is designed to narrow the candidate pool and prioritize those with deeper integration into the Canadian labor market. 2. Legislative Reform (Bill C-12) Diab is currently championing a major immigration and border security bill (C-12), which is moving through its third reading in the Senate as of February 26, 2026. * Executive Power: The bill grants the Governor in Council (acting on cabinet advice) broad authority to vary, cancel, or suspend immigration documents and applications in the "public interest." * Asylum Restrictions: Diab has been vocal about curbing what she terms "fraudulent" claims. The legislation proposes making anyone who has been in Canada for over a year ineligible to claim asylum, and it restricts claims from those entering via land borders outside official ports of entry. 3. Shift in Strategy The Minister’s rhetoric marks a pivot from previous Liberal administrations. Her current messaging focuses on "taking back control" of immigration levels. While she continues to promote the recruitment of "the best and brightest," she has explicitly stated the government's goal is to reduce the total annual number of both permanent and temporary residents. Summary Table | Focus Area | Recent Action | |---|---| | Express Entry | Increased experience threshold to 12 months; added military/researcher streams. | | Asylum Policy | Supporting Bill C-12 to restrict claims made after 1 year of residency. | | Staffing | Recently appointed Isaac MacDonald (former P.E.I. Liberal executive) as Director of Parliamentary Affairs.

I agree many things, but not agreeing to “ not paying tax”, “not working hard” & “just cross the border illegally”, most new Brampton residents pay high taxes as most work at jobs and payroll money comes after tax. Maybe minor fraction like (0.01%) might be working in cash not paying tax. It’s just their frustration speaking. Almost all Indian immigrants are not refugee that they come free to Canada and live in hotels for free. Indian immigrants are economic immigrants, who came here legally with investing big money and working in country and giving back. Most people in this video are confusing refugee with Indian immigrants. Indian immigrants don’t get any extra benefits than any other Canadians, even gets less or exploited by locals…

Canada's Immigration Crisis: Prioritizing National Interests Over Uncontrolled Influx from India The Government of Canada must immediately halt the unchecked influx of immigrants from India. This is not about xenophobia—it's about protecting Canadian society, resources, and identity from a pattern of exploitation that is eroding our nation. 1. Failure to Assimilate and Community Insularity Indian immigrants are not integrating into Canadian culture. Instead, they form parallel societies: Sending children to private ethnic schools that prioritize Indian languages and customs over Canadian values. Erecting statues and cultural symbols that celebrate India, not Canada—this is Canada, not a satellite of New Delhi. Prioritizing their own communities in hiring and services, creating ethnic enclaves that exclude others. This insularity prevents true assimilation and fosters division. 2. Exploitation of Systems and Loopholes Many arrive through fraudulent means and demand instant benefits: Establishing "diploma mill" colleges solely to gain entry, then claiming permanent residency or citizenship after minimal study. Only Indians teachers are hired through this made up "Colleges". Sponsoring extended family chains (parents, siblings, cousins) who contribute nothing but drain resources. Elderly parents, who have never paid Canadian taxes, access healthcare and social services immediately, overburdening hospitals while their families use nursing homes as a last resort. Bribing for driver's licenses abroad, leading to reckless, entitled driving on Canadian roads. These tactics exploit loopholes, bypassing fair processes meant for genuine contributors. 3. Strain on Resources and Job Market The rapid population growth is unsustainable: High birth rates (far above Canada's replacement level) are used strategically to "populate" the country and secure more benefits. Taking jobs from Canadians in government, police, education, healthcare, and beyond—often through nepotism and "cutting in line" for their networks. For example IRCC Director - Harpreet Kochhar Deputy Minister - Pemi Gill and Aiesha Zafar who have no idea where the 79,000 illegal Indians are in Canada. Remove these Minister from their position. They are incompetent in the jobs. Fraud = Predominant country = India. Nepotism is rampant in their community and their class system mentality. Overwhelming housing, food banks, parks (littered with garbage), and public spaces (including reports of improper behavior on beaches). Many work in low-productivity roles, undercutting wages and relying on welfare despite employment. Canadians are being displaced in their own country. 4. Criminal and Cultural Importation A subset brings a "gangster mentality" from India: Rising involvement in organized crime, fraud, and violence in cities like Brampton and Surrey. Lazy or substandard work ethic in some cases, prioritizing quick gains over quality. Just look at Tim Horton! This is not the skilled, law-abiding immigration Canada needs. Call to Action: Policy Reforms Now Cap and pause Indian immigration until assimilation metrics improve. End chain migration and fake college scams—require proven contributions before PR/citizenship. Enforce assimilation: Mandate public schools, cultural integration tests, and community service. Protect Canadians first: Prioritize housing, jobs, and services for citizens. I don't care if this is labeled "racist"—the evidence is clear. Indians are not here to build Canada; many are here to overtake it. Canadians have to act before it's too late.

Canada's Immigration Crisis: Prioritizing National Interests Over Uncontrolled Influx from India The Government of Canada must immediately pause all new immigration from India until systemic abuses are fixed. This is not xenophobia—it is evidence-based policy to protect Canadian jobs, housing, healthcare, and social cohesion from documented exploitation. 1. Failure to Assimilate: Parallel Societies Indian newcomers are building insulated communities rather than integrating: Enrolling children in private ethnic schools that teach Punjabi/Gujarati/Hindi first, Canadian history second. Erecting religious/cultural statues (e.g., Sikh soldiers, Hindu deities) that symbolize India, not Canada. Hiring almost exclusively within their networks—creating ethnic enclaves in Brampton, Surrey, and Abbotsford. Result: Two-tier citizenship where one group opts out of shared Canadian identity. 2. Systematic Fraud & Loophole Exploitation IRCC data shows India as the #1 source of immigration fraud: Diploma mills: Over 100 Punjab-based “colleges” exist solely to sell student visas. Graduates demand PR after 6–12 months of attendance. Staffing note: Many of these fake schools hire only Indian instructors and administrators. Chain migration: One student sponsors parents → parents sponsor siblings → endless loop. Elderly parents (65+) arrive with zero tax history yet access free healthcare and OAS/GIS top-ups. Driver’s license fraud: Punjabi-language road tests in India allegedly purchased for $500–$1,000; new arrivals cause chaos on GTA roads. Leadership capture: IRCC Regional Director – Harpreet Kochhar Deputy Minister (Citizenship) – Pemi Gill Director of Fraud Detection – Aiesha Zafar → 79,000+ “lost” Indian files (2024 Auditor General report). Demand their removal for incompetence and conflict of interest. 3. Healthcare & Professional Capture: Profit-Driven Abuse Indian-trained professionals now dominate key sectors and prioritize their own community: Veterinarians & physicians: Order excessive tests (MRIs, blood panels, ultrasounds) on healthy pets/patients to inflate billings. Ontario Veterinary College audits (2023) show Indian-owned clinics average 3.2× more procedures per visit than Canadian peers. Hospital wait-list manipulation: Indian-descended administrators in GTA hospitals (e.g., Brampton Civic, William Osler) fast-track Indian patients via “family referrals,” pushing Canadians to 12–18 month delays for knee/hip replacements. Pharmacy chains: Indian-owned Shoppers Drug Mart franchises in Peel Region refuse to hire non-Indian pharmacists; staff counsel Indian patients to stockpile free meds under Trillium Drug Program. Result: Canadians pay taxes for a system that now serves insiders first. 4. Housing & Resource Monopoly Real-estate bidding rings: Indian investor groups (often 8–12 families pooling funds) outbid Canadian first-time buyers by 20–40 % in Brampton, Mississauga, and Surrey. CMHC data (2024): 62 % of multiple-offer wins in these cities involve Indian surnames. Illegal basement suites: 40,000+ unpermitted units in Peel Region—90 %+ rented exclusively to Indian students/newcomers, bypassing fire codes and municipal taxes. Food-bank abuse: Brampton food banks report 75 % of users are Indian international students with $60 k tuition-paid status—yet eligible for free groceries while Canadian seniors are turned away. 5. Unsustainable Strain on Resources Birth rates: Indian-Canadian fertility ~2.8 vs national 1.4 (StatsCan 2023). Strategic demographic expansion drains schools, maternity wards, and child-tax benefits. Job displacement: Nepotism in trucking, security, and hospitality pushes Canadian-born workers aside. Example: Tim Hortons franchises in Peel Region—90 % Indian staff, zero ads on Indeed. Welfare despite employment: PGWP holders earn $18–22/hr in cash-heavy roles yet qualify for GST/HST credits and Ontario Trillium Benefit. 6. Imported Crime & Work Ethic Issues Gang violence: Brampton/Surrey now rival Toronto for Indo-Canadian gang shootings (Peel Police 2024). Fraud rings: $2 B+ in CESTB/CEBA scams traced to Punjab call centres. Workplace corners-cutting: Health Canada inspections cite Indian-owned pharmacies for fake prescriptions; MTO flags Indian-heavy trucking firms for log-book fraud. Immediate Policy Demands 180-day moratorium on all Indian visas (study, work, visitor). Close 150+ diploma mills; revoke licences of agents in Punjab/Chandigarh. End parental sponsorship for anyone over 55 with <10 years Canadian tax residency. Mandate public-school enrollment for all PR children; no public funding for ethnic private schools. Fire & replace Kochhar, Gill, Zafar—appoint independent auditors. PR points overhaul: Minimum 5 years continuous skilled work + CLB 9 English + clean police record. Healthcare audit: Cap billing per patient; random audits of Indian-owned clinics/hospitals. Housing registry: Ban cash offers >10 % above asking; require proof of 5-year Canadian income for multiple-property purchases. Canadians citizens who contributed and work hard to built this country must be prioritize. Full stop! The evidence is public, parliamentary, and police-reported. Ignore the “racism” label—protect the country before these Indians takeover completely takes over Canada.

I am a Canadian residing in Vancouver BC. and there is no division. We Canadians 🇨🇦 want fair, balanced and skilled immigration that contributes to the betterment of all Canadians. Companies like Tim Hortons want to hire cheap foreign labour with no benefits, it is pure greed. Canadians have had enough. We are unified in this assertion.

7:27 I read that article fully and it also said: “While nearly half of those surveyed said they felt quality of life in Canada’s fastest-growing big city had decreased in the past three years, 79 per cent of residents rated quality of life in Brampton as good or very good.” So the quality of life decrease is minimal and the article cites public safety, crime, and affordability of housing as concerns, but doesn’t specify Indian immigration as being the reason nor the racist implications that Tyler is trying to get at.. This is a classic correlation doesn’t mean causation example. If you read further into that article, people generally say that the quality of life is overall better compared to their survey in 2019. Straight up, Tyler here is cherry-picking data as a means of pushing the right wing narrative that Indians are bad and fueling hatred for them when the real reason is lack of better reform or change from the Canadian govt and Canadas corporations. Not that different from the US tbh.

I am an immigrant came to Canada in 2014. The immigration system in Canada right now is not let every body in this country, is only allowed low/non skills workers and fraud applications in. I have a friend from China who got a bachelor degree from university of Waterloo and worked at downtown Toronto as a finance person for $500k per year which is extreme high in Canada. But he could not get his permanent resident because he is not what Canada needs as the immigration system. But immigration system is giving lots of pathway on low skills workers who can bring his/her whole families inside the country. These low skills workers need to find employers to do many complicated admin works for the application. In reality, no employers are willing to do such a complicated admin works for a minimum wages worker. So these people are paying the the employers to do the admin works without a single day working. Once they get the permanent residency, they just stay in Canada without working, paying taxes or try to become a Canadian. But for these people who have a high-pay job with high degrees, Canada is kicking them out of this country.

Mark my words, many will stay illegally, and the Liberals will create a program so they can normalize their statuses, and give them permanent residency. Then they'll be voting in Canadian elections when they become Canadian citizens, they is how they take our country from us. This was always their plan.

Even skilled trade jobs are marketed to international students as a pathway to obtain permanent residency in Canada. the Canadian immigration system currently faces issues with corruption. This environment creates opportunities for scams, prompting individuals to engage in various forms of fraud to gain extra points and secure invitations for permanent residency. On housing, seems that the government is attempting to inflate housing prices, as this strategy significantly boosts the economy by presenting favorable GDP figures on paper.

I understand. Cause you guys were living in an authentic cultures since young schools work everything. But now. And Trump said like he bought Canada 51 States. Maybe it's a solution. I have no idea. Unless there's a leader in your country exactly expertised capitalism and figures that way a new economic model which determines a soul of New Canada? And that extremely justice a fair communication English profiles in Canadian community which everyone loves and accepts in conditions every races old residents new immigrants feel that comfortable no one argues about.

There are many problems with anti-immigrant rhetoric and one of them is the classification who is and who isn't an immigrant and the question of when does a person stop becoming an immigrant and become a Canadian? A significant portion of people living in Canada are first/second/third generation Canadians and so, how do we classify these people, are they immigrants or are they not? And what of their parents/grandparents who immigrated, are they? It's very important to note that without their ancestor parents, all these first/second/third gen Canadians will not be here and they are now 'Canadians' today because we had pro-immigration laws. Also, the idea of accessing services is by itself, very problematic. I spent the first 4 years of my life here paying high tuition fees as well as tax that are used to subsidize fellow Canadians' tuition fees yet I'm not able to access any government services. Following graduation, I worked as a worker on visa where my tax was no less than an average Canadian yet government services were very much inaccessible to me. It was only after I became permanent resident, that somehow everything suddenly became available to me. I have been tax paying 6-7 years before I became a PR here yet all those years, I wasn't able to access a single thing yet somehow, after I became PR, I'm eligible for everything? The tax argument doesn't make sense at all. I will be eligible to apply for citizenship in like a year and does that mean now I am one of you, Canadians?

When you first come here how did that Polish guy work? you are not allowed to work until you get residency... that policcy is to protect Canadian jobs

"One Edmonton immigration lawyer" should acknowledge the "real life", "genuine" "harshest stories" that are being experienced by Canadians as a result of the massive numbers of immigrants that have taken up residence here in the past ten years. Housing, jobs, health care... we've watched Canadians go homeless, jobless, and die in line to see a doctor.

I've lived in Surrey BC for most of my life, I'm an avid outdoors enthusiast and like most Canadians respect and admire nature's beauty. Years ago they built a pond on an undeveloped lot next to my neighborhood. It was a beautiful addition to the town as it allowed wildlife a place to find shelter, while giving us a little nature loop within walking distance. On multiple occasions I have caught people dumping literal truckloads of their households' trash into this small forest on a backroad I frequent. When confronted they laugh it off, and generally don't appear to see that what they're doing is wrong. The pond itself is also filled with crap, despite the posted signs informing of the harm this causes the ecosystem. From my (and most people who live here) experience it is overwhelmingly a single demographic that is responsible for the uncleanness in our shared spaces. Any BC resident can tell you about the access to beautiful nature we are privileged to, and I hate more than anything to see it being desecrated in the way I have. Most people will not speak up about this.

I'm a Brampton resident. My family immigrated in the late 90s. I grew up on YTV, TVO kids, Fox Kids, Treehouse TV. I also still grew up knowing my own native culture and religion. I attend one of these temples of worship. Despite this, I still made friends with different races of people. I think my community needs to branch out a little more and learn about other cultures that live amongst us. Maybe we need to have a little less pride on where we come from? I don't know what the exact answer is. One thing I know is we can definitely get along. Just need the community to adapt more and actually learn Canadian culture. Maybe go see a Blue Jays game at the Skydom? Maybe know who Wayne Gretzky is?? LOL.

📖 Rapid Indian Immigration in Canadian Cities (0:00 - 2:10) ├─ 0:00 Racism and Stereotypes Against Indian Immigrants ├─ 0:32 Mass Migration of Indian Immigrants to Canada ├─ 1:00 Human Smuggling and Immigration Issues └─ 1:50 Immigration and Cultural Assimilation in Canada 📖 Impact of Indian Immigration on Local Communities (2:10 - 3:20) └─ 2:10 Impact of Indian Immigration on Local Communities 📖 Racial Tensions and Demographic Changes in Bmpton (3:20 - 4:38) ├─ 3:20 Racial Diversity and Demographic Changes └─ 3:58 Racial Tensions and Experiences in Multicultural Settings 📖 Racism and Xenophobia in Canadian Communities (4:38 - 6:09) ├─ 4:38 Racism and Xenophobia in Canadian Communities ├─ 5:14 Negative Views on Immigration and Cultural Differences └─ 5:49 Consequences of Demographic Replacement in Bmpton 📖 Driving Habits and Road Safety Concerns (6:09 - 7:30) ├─ 6:09 Distracted and Aggressive Driving in Canada ├─ 6:43 Poor Driving Habits in Canada └─ 7:04 Distracted Driving in Bmpton Residents 📖 Indian Immigration and Economic Impact (7:30 - 8:48) ├─ 7:30 Immigrant Experiences in Canada's Indian Community └─ 8:17 Rise of Ethnic Nationalism in Canada 📖 Hanuman Symbolism in Multicultural Communities (8:48 - 10:25) ├─ 8:48 Canada's Changing Demographics and Cultural Symbols ├─ 9:29 Earning Money through Mobile Games └─ 9:58 Making Money with Mobile Apps 📖 Punjabi Independence Movement and Human Smuggling (10:25 - 11:46) ├─ 10:25 Punjab Independence Movement and Kalistan ├─ 10:50 India's Economic and Political Challenges └─ 11:13 Human Smuggling Across the Canada-US Border 📖 Human Trafficking Sting Operation Setup (11:46 - 13:34) ├─ 11:46 Arranging a Pickup for Human Trafficking ├─ 12:20 Human Trafficking Sting Operation Risks and Preparations └─ 12:50 Human Trafficking and Kidnapping Fears and Preparations 📖 Human Trafficking through Student Visa Scams (13:34 - 14:49) 📖 Crossing the US-Canada Border Illegally (14:49 - 16:56) ├─ 14:49 Crossing the US-Canada Border Illegally ├─ 15:20 Crossing the Canadian Border Anxieties ├─ 15:50 Traveling to Canada in Winter └─ 16:18 Phone Theft and Harassment Tactics 📖 Crossing the Border Illegally with a Smuggler (16:56 - 18:21) ├─ 16:56 Crossing the Border Illegally in Canada ├─ 17:29 Smuggling Items Past Border Patrol └─ 17:53 Safety Concerns in Traveling to Canada 📖 Human Smuggling Operation in Canada (18:21 - 22:02) ├─ 18:21 Crossing the Border Illegally with Smugglers ├─ 19:04 Emergency Preparations and Safe Houses └─ 19:45 Human Smuggling Operations in Canada Exposed

If Quebec can loosen their language-related laws, existing Canadian citizens and permanent residents from across the country can actually get decent jobs without having to get in foreign workers.

Do Canadian expats go around mixing with other folks when they reside in for instance in Spain? I know, I’ve just taken that as an example, but it illustrates the point!😊

It's not a tragedy. Stop playing this like we are responsible for the well-being of the third world. If they have no path to permanent residency then they go home. This may be a radical notion in the present political climate, but just because you want to come to Canada doesn't mean you can. Actual native born Canadian citizens have a say in this and we say No !

I am an immigrant in Canada and these students assume their permanent residency is guaranteed after their studies but nobody was given 100% "assurance" but these students "assumed." The country does not need any more uber/skip the dishes drivers or salespersons. There is no need any more Temporary Foreign Workers until the economy improves. At the moment, the Canadian economy is in limbo.

As a Canada who speaks both French and English and who follows politics quite closely, I have to say that the headline and some of the reporting here is quite misleading. A reduction in immigration has broad support across Canada. I wouldn't say that notion is dividing the country in any significant way. You do have certain industry groups that disagree, but among the population these reductions have broad support. This is a historic change in public opinion in Canada, but it has been driven by the unprecedented increase in immigration under the last term of the Trudeau government. To put this in context, non-permanent residents in Canada numbered around 1.5 million on Q3 2023, but by Q3 2025, that number sat a just over 3 million. The previous government increased immigration targets by 3 or 4 times over what they had been for years, which caused a number of economic issues. Essentially, the volume was simply too high for the economy and society to support. This was unfair to both Canadians and new comers, many of which could not find employment or afford a decent place to live. The changes being suggested are largely bringing Canada back to what the targets were for over a decade before, though a bit lower to account for the sudden surge. Canada remains one of the most pro-immigration countries in the world. However, and this is where I think DW's reporting is misleading, there is a distinction to be made between policies at the federal level and policies at the provincial level. Immigration, per our constitution, is a federal matter, however, Quebec in particular is distinct from other provinces. I don't mean only culturally and linguistically, but also in the powers that have been devolved to it by the federal government. On the question of immigration, Quebec has more powers and more ability to set its immigration targets and programs than any of the other 9 provinces. The particular program discussed here, the Quebec Experience Program (PEQ), is a particular immigration stream that only existed in Quebec. So what is happening with that program cannot be labeled as a whole-of-Canada thing. Where the changes to the PEQ are controversial, unlike the general changes at the federal level, is that people who immigrated under that specific program were promised certain things. There was a multi-year time line to Permanent Residency and then Citizenship. Many of those people have been in Quebec for 5-8 years already. However, the changes made to the program were done in such a way where people who many years into the program, had gotten an education, started a career, had children, ect. are now being told they can't continue and must leave Canada. There are even stories of people who married Canadians, now have children, and the one parent who was under this program now faces the possibility of having to leave Canada and be separated from their family. All through no fault of their own. That is what many people see as unfair, and I agree, however limiting future applications under the program, to bring in less people, that is not controversial. Canada has no responsibility to bring in people who are not already in Canada, but Canada does have some responsibility towards people who uprooted their lives to move to Canada and built new lives here based on promises and representations made to them by the Canadian and Quebecois governments. We should no simply kick those people out of the country.

Cultural clustering is a natural phenomenon. Even within India, if someone moves from the North to the South (or vice versa), they often seek out people from their own region/religion/community to feel a sense of familiarity and comfort. Brampton’s story reflects this same human instinct to find community and preserve traditions in a new place without disturbing the territorial harmony(but that didn't go well). At the same time, Indian culture and values are inherently inclusive, with a long history of adapting and coexisting with diverse communities. The real challenge lies not in immigrants forming close-knit groups, but in how well both newcomers and longtime residents accept and integrate with each other. When mutual respect and openness exist, diversity becomes a strength rather than a division. That said, the scale and pace of Brampton’s demographic change raise important policy questions. The Canadian government should have anticipated and planned for this transformation much earlier. Whether they did not act, or could not act, is a question only they can answer but it is central to understanding today’s challenges.

Before Trudeau's liberal government, Canada's permanent resident program was based on factors such as being fluent in English or French (in Quebec), passing standard exams in one's own country, being educated (Bachelor's or higher), work experience, family, age, and knowledge of Canada's general culture. If you had all the points, you would be selected. It took about three years, and while waiting, you could not apply for any visa to enter Canada. The security check was part of the process, and the Canadian government asked applicants to enter the country by bringing money (Like one year's salary). This system was a perfect plan, and many Western countries wanted to copy that (As I heard on many French and American radios before), but the liberals broke the system! And I still don't know why!

INTERNATIONAL.STUDENTS IF ITS TRUE IF ITS TRUE, ACCORDING TO.INSTITUTION OR COLLEGE PAID DOUBLE TUTION FEE MORE THAN THE LOCAL CANADIAN OR PERMANENT RESIDENT, IF THIS IS TRUE, FROM THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN WHERE THEY CAME FROM, DOES THE SCHOOL OR ANY INSTITUTIONIM CANADA DO THE SAME REQUIREMENTS THAT NEEDED BEFORE YOU ELIGIBLE TO ACCEPT IN CANADIAN COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY?? SUCH AS, HIGH SCHOOL GPA? ENGLISH PROFICIENCY IN PROGRAM OR COURSE NEEDED??AND MORE MANDATED REQUIRED BY COLLEGES OR UNIVERSITY??